What is the definition of 'proteome'?

The correct answer defines 'proteome' as the complete set of all proteins expressed by a genome. This term encapsulates the entirety of proteins that are produced within a biological system, reflecting not only the genes that encode them but also the variations that occur due to different conditions such as environmental factors, developmental stages, and cellular contexts.

Understanding the proteome is crucial in fields like biochemistry, molecular biology, and medical research, as it provides insights into cellular functions and the role of proteins in biological processes. Evaluating the proteome helps to elucidate how proteins interact, how they can be modified post-translationally, and how these modifications affect the overall physiology of an organism.

The other choices refer to different biological concepts: the genetic information in an organism pertains to the genome, RNA transcripts relate to the transcriptome, and the structural framework of a cell describes cellular architecture, which does not specifically define the set of proteins produced. Recognizing these distinct definitions is vital for clarity in biological discussions.