What is a literature review in research?

A literature review is a comprehensive examination and summary of existing research on a specific topic, making it a crucial component of the research process. It serves to collate and analyze published works related to a particular subject area, thereby establishing a foundation for further exploration or investigation.

In this context, labeling a literature review as a secondary source is accurate because it does not present new experimental data or original findings; instead, it synthesizes and discusses the findings of previously published studies. By doing so, it provides an overview of what is already known, highlights gaps in knowledge, and may identify areas for further research. This is essential for contextualizing new research questions or hypotheses based on an understanding of the existing body of knowledge.

In contrast, the other options represent different aspects of research or personal expression, which do not align with the definition and purpose of a literature review. An original research study presents new findings, experimental procedures involve hands-on testing and observation, and a personal reflection would pertain to the researcher's subjective thoughts rather than an objective synthesis of academic literature.