What does the term 'statistical significance' imply in an experiment?

Statistical significance means that the results of an experiment are unlikely to have occurred purely by random chance. When researchers determine that results are statistically significant, they are indicating that there is a strong likelihood that the observed effects or differences are real and not just due to random variability in the data. This is typically assessed using a p-value, where a p-value below a certain threshold (commonly 0.05) suggests that the results are statistically significant.

This concept is fundamental in scientific research, as it helps establish confidence in the findings of an experiment. It allows researchers to draw conclusions about relationships, effects, or differences they observe between groups in their data. Statistical significance thus provides a basis for further investigation or application of findings, helping to distinguish meaningful results from those that might simply arise from random fluctuations.