Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are defined as organisms that have:

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are specifically defined as organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. This alteration typically involves the introduction of a specific gene from another organism, which can impart new traits or characteristics to the modified organism. The intent usually is to enhance certain desired traits or confer resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions.

The other options describe different agricultural practices or interactions but do not accurately capture the core definition of a GMO. For instance, using chemical pesticides is a method of crop protection but does not involve genetic modification. Breeding for specific traits typically refers to traditional breeding methods that rely on selective mating rather than direct gene alteration. Similarly, growing plants under controlled conditions is a practice employed in various types of agriculture, including organic and conventional methods, and does not inherently involve genetic modification. Therefore, option B accurately reflects the process that defines GMOs.